Whole-brain spatial organization of hippocampal single-neuron projectomes.

Mapping single-neuron projections is essential for understanding brain-wide connectivity and diverse functions of the hippocampus (HIP). Here, we reconstructed 10,100 single-neuron projectomes of mouse HIP and classified 43 projectome subtypes with distinct projection patterns. The number of projection targets and axon-tip distribution depended on the soma location along HIP longitudinal and transverse axes. Many projectome subtypes were enriched in specific HIP subdomains defined by spatial transcriptomic profiles. Furthermore, we delineated comprehensive wiring diagrams for HIP neurons projecting exclusively within the HIP formation (HPF) and for those projecting to both intra- and extra-HPF targets. Bihemispheric projecting neurons generally projected to one pair of homologous targets with ipsilateral preference. These organization principles of single-neuron projectomes provide a structural basis for understanding the function of HIP neurons.

Personalized Porous Gelatin Methacryloyl Sustained-Release Nicotinamide Protects Against Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.

There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for treating noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), reflecting the absence of clear specific therapeutic targets and effective delivery strategies. Noise trauma is demonstrated results in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) downregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cochlear hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in mice, and NAD+ boosted by nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation maintains cochlear mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents neuroexcitatory toxic injury in vitro and ex vivo, also significantly ameliorated NIHL in vivo. To tackle the limited drug delivery efficiency due to sophisticated anatomical barriers and unique clearance pathway in ear, personalized NAM-encapsulated porous gelatin methacryloyl (PGMA@NAM) are developed based on anatomy topography of murine temporal bone by micro-computed tomography and reconstruction of round window (RW) niche, realizing hydrogel in situ implantation completely, NAM sustained-release and long-term auditory preservation in mice. This study strongly supports personalized PGMA@NAM as NIHL protection drug with effective inner ear delivery, providing new inspiration for drug-based treatment of NIHL.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and liver cirrhosis associated with diabetes and an inactivating KCNJ11 gene mutation: a case report and literature review.

Background: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital disease commonly found in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Most PSIS patients manifest growth retardation and delayed puberty. We report a rare case of PSIS with tall stature, liver cirrhosis and diabetes, possibly caused by an inactivating KCNJ11 gene mutation. Case presentation: A 37-year-old female patient initially presented with liver cirrhosis and diabetes, without any secondary sexual characteristics. Endocrine investigation indicated CPHD. Small anterior pituitary, invisible pituitary stalk and no eutopic posterior lobe hypersignal in the sella turcica viewed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of PSIS. Despite receiving no growth hormone or sex hormone therapy, she reached a final height of 186 cm. Liver histopathology revealed nonalcoholic fatty cirrhosis. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous p.Arg301Cys mutation in the KCNJ11 gene. Conclusion: This is a rare case of PSIS with liver cirrhosis and diabetes associated with an inactivating KCNJ11 gene mutation. It's supposed that early hyperinsulinism caused by the KCNJ11 gene mutation, as well as delayed epiphyseal closure due to estrogen deficiency, contributed to the patient's exceptionally tall stature. Untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) resulted in increased visceral fat, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis. The decline in ß cell function with age, combined with NAFLD, may have played a role in the development of diabetes.

Does reciprocal translocation affect the meiotic segregation products of non-translocation chromosomes?

This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of chromosomal reciprocal translocation on meiotic segregation products of non-translocation chromosomes. A total of 744 reciprocal translocation carriers and 875 non-carriers were included in this study. A total of 6,832 blastocysts were biopsied and tested by next-generation sequencing. Blastocysts from the carrier group were classified into five subgroups according to the theoretical segregation pattern of quadrivalent structure. For carrier patients, normal meiotic segregation products of the non-translocation chromosome were classified after excluding the segregation modes of the quadrivalent structure. The proportion of normal non-translocation chromosome meiotic segregation products was similar between the carrier and noncarrier groups (p = 0.69). The generalized Estimation Equation revealed that there was no correlation between reciprocal translocation and meiotic segregation products of non-translocation chromosomes. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed that the segregation modes of quadrivalent structure (p = 0.00) and carrier's gender (p = 0.00) may affect the meiotic segregation products of non-translocation chromosomes. In conclusion, reciprocal translocation does not directly reduce the proportion of normal segregation products of non-translocation chromosomes. The difference among subgroups of different quadrivalent segregation patterns implied that interchromosomal effect may exist but the high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities for reciprocal translocation carriers should not be attributed to interchromosomal effect.

Differential regulation of hair cell actin cytoskeleton mediated by SRF and MRTFB.

The MRTF-SRF pathway has been extensively studied for its crucial role in driving the expression of a large number of genes involved in actin cytoskeleton of various cell types. However, the specific contribution of MRTF-SRF in hair cells remains unknown. In this study, we showed that hair cell-specific deletion of Srf or Mrtfb, but not Mrtfa, leads to similar defects in the development of stereocilia dimensions and the maintenance of cuticular plate integrity. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based hair cell RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of the changes observed in Srf and Mrtfb mutants, respectively. Interestingly, the transcriptome analysis revealed distinct profiles of genes regulated by Srf and Mrtfb, suggesting different transcriptional regulation mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton activities mediated by Srf and Mrtfb. Exogenous delivery of calponin 2 using Adeno-associated virus transduction in Srf mutants partially rescued the impairments of stereocilia dimensions and the F-actin intensity of cuticular plate, suggesting the involvement of Cnn2, as an Srf downstream target, in regulating the hair bundle morphology and cuticular plate actin cytoskeleton organization. Our study uncovers, for the first time, the unexpected differential transcriptional regulation of actin cytoskeleton mediated by Srf and Mrtfb in hair cells, and also demonstrates the critical role of SRF-CNN2 in modulating actin dynamics of the stereocilia and cuticular plate, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying hair cell development and maintenance.

Efficient HCl leaching of platinum group metals from waste three-way catalysts: A study on kinetics and mechanisms.

Waste three-way catalysts (TWCs) have attracted much attention due to the presence of platinum group metals (PGMs) and hazardous substances such as heavy metals and organic matter. The extraction of PGMs from waste TWCs using hydrochloric acid (HCl) has been extensively researched. However, the addition of oxidizing agents like H2O2 and aqua regia is necessary to facilitate PGMs dissolution, which poses significant environmental and operational hazards. Hence, developing a green PGMs recovery process without oxidants is imperative. Previously, we investigated the process of Li2CO3 calcination pretreatment to enhance the leaching of PGMs from waste TWCs by HCl, focusing on the process and mechanism of Li2CO3 calcination pretreatment. In this study, we focused on the leaching process of HCl after pretreatment. Our investigation includes a detailed examination of leaching kinetics and mechanisms. The optimal leaching conditions were: leaching temperature of 150 °C, leaching time of 2 h, HCl concentration of 12 M, and liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL/g. The experiments resulted in maximum leaching rates of about 96%, 97%, and 97% for Pt, Pd, and Rh, respectively. However, given the presence of heavy metals, attention needs to be paid to the harmless treatment of waste acids and leaching residues. The Pt and Pd leaching process is controlled by a mixture of interfacial chemical reactions and internal diffusion, and dominated by internal diffusion, while the leaching process of Rh is controlled by interfacial chemical reactions. Li+ in Li2PtO3, Li2PdO2, and Li2RhO3 preferentially leached and underwent ion-exchange reactions with H+, promoting the dissolution of Pt, Pd, and Rh in HCl.

Process and mechanism of enhanced HCl leaching of platinum group metals from waste three-way catalysts by Li2CO3 calcination pretreatment.

Recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs) from waste three-way catalysts (TWCs) was usually achieved by dissolving them in an acid solution. However, their dissolution requires the addition of oxidizing agents such as Cl2 and aqua regia, which could cause high environmental risks. Therefore, the development of new methods without the addition of oxidant agents will contribute to the green recovery of PGMs. In this paper, the process and mechanism of PGMs recovery from waste TWCs by Li2CO3 calcination pretreatment-HCl leaching were studied in detail, and molecular dynamics calculations were performed for the formation processes of Pt, Pd, and Rh complex oxides. The results showed that the leaching rates of Pt, Pd, and Rh could reach about 95%, 98%, and 97%, respectively, under the optimal conditions. Li2CO3 calcination pretreatment cannot only oxidize Pt, Pd, and Rh metals to HCl-soluble Li2PtO3, Li2PdO2, and Li2RhO3, but also remove the carbon accumulation in waste TWCs and open the wrapping of PGMs by the substrate and Al2O3 coating. The embedding of Li and O atoms in metallic Pt, Pd, and Rh is an interacting embedding process. Although the Li atoms are faster than O, O will accumulate on the metal surface first before embedding.

Impact of Multiple Vitrification-Warming Procedures and Insemination Methods on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy.

This study was to determine whether multiple vitrification-warming procedures and insemination method are associated with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study of 112 patients who underwent standard PGT-A practice and 154 patients who desired PGT-A for their vitrified unbiopsied blastocysts. A total of 97 euploid blastocysts biopsied and vitrified-warmed once and 117 euploid blastocysts biopsied once but vitrified-warmed twice (83 in vitro fertilization [IVF]-derived and 34 intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]-derived euploid blastocysts) were transferred. The primary outcome was the blastocyst survival rate for transfer, live birth rate, and neonatal outcomes. The results showed that an additional vitrification-warming procedure on blastocysts resulted in a lower but not statistically different survival rate for transfer. Compared with euploid blastocysts vitrified-warmed once, those vitrified-warmed twice provided statistically similar live birth rate. Neonatal outcomes, including the sex ratio, gestational age, birthweight, preterm birth rate, and low birthweight rate, did not differ between single and double vitrification. No significant differences were observed in rates of blastocyst survival, blastocyst euploid and live birth, and neonatal outcomes resulting from either conventional IVF or ICSI. The neonatal follow-up of babies live-born so far did not report any congenital malformations. In conclusion, an additional vitrification-warming on blastocysts had no detectable adverse impact on clinical outcomes after frozen-thawed single euploid blastocyst transfer in PGT-A cases; and ICSI did not confer any benefit in improving clinical outcomes compared with conventional IVF in cases requiring PGT-A on already vitrified nonbiopsied blastocysts.

A Chinese case of CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia and a systematic review.

PURPOSE: We reported a case with carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and made a systematic review of all previously reported cases. METHODS: A 14.8-year-old boy underwent clinical, radiological, and genetic evaluations. The patients and five age-matched healthy boys accepted high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography evaluation. All CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia cases from PubMed and Embase were collected and summarized. The genotype-phenotype correlation was analyzed. RESULTS: The proband complained of aggravated joint pain and had a compression fracture of L2 during his second decade. Physical examination showed a height Z score of -4.94, short limbs, and restricted movement of the elbows and knees. X-rays showed carpal epiphyseal dysplasia, enlargement of elbow and knee joints, and subluxation of the left hip. Echocardiography showed abnormal cardiac valves. Compared with the norm, his total and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), and the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone had trends to be worse at the distal radius and tibia. Two novel missense variants of c.1343T>G and c.761C>G in CHST3 were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. In the systematic review, short stature, limited joint extension, joint pain, and joint dislocation were the most common characteristics of this disorder. Height Z score and the proportion of hearing impairment had no significant differences between the missense and nonmissense mutations groups. CONCLUSION: Progressive joint pain and movement restriction are the main characteristics of CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia. BMD and bone microarchitecture of this disorder needs further exploration. There is no apparent genotype-phenotype correlation in this disorder.

Evaluation of Volumetric Bone Mineral Density, Bone Microarchitecture, and Bone Strength in Patients with Achondroplasia Caused by FGFR3 c.1138G > A Mutation.

Achondroplasia (ACH) is a skeletal disorder caused by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) variants. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microarchitecture, and strength have not been evaluated in these patients previously. This study aims to evaluate vBMD, bone microarchitecture, and strength in ACH patients. Seventeen patients underwent clinical and biochemical evaluations, and genetic testing. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed in 10 ACH patients and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. All individuals had the hotspot mutation of c.1138G > A in FGFR3. Linear growth retardation, disproportionate short stature, and genu varum are the most common manifestations. The mean height was 108.82 ± 24.08 cm (Z score: - 5.72 ± 0.96). Total vBMD in the ACH and the control groups was 427.08 ± 49.29 mg HA/cm3 versus 300.35 ± 69.92 mg HA/cm3 (p < 0.001) at the radius and 336.90 ± 79.33 mg HA/cm3 versus 292.20 ± 62.35 mg HA/cm3 (p = 0.098) at the tibia; both at the radius and tibia, vBMD of trabecular bones was significantly lower in the ACH group than in the control group, but vBMD of cortical bones was slightly higher in the ACH group. Trabecular separation and cortical thickness in the ACH group were significantly higher than those in the control group, but trabecular number was significantly decreased in the ACH group. Stiffness and failure load were only better at the radius in the ACH group. ACH patients have higher total and cortical vBMD, lower trabecular vBMD, worse trabecular bone microarchitecture, thicker cortical bone thickness, and better estimated bone strength.

Hyperparathyroidism in a Large Cohort of Chinese Patients With Tumor-induced Osteomalacia.

CONTEXT: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by excessive production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by a tumor. Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) including secondary HPT (SHPT) and tertiary HPT (THPT) in TIO patients, which is believed to be associated with phosphate supplementation, has not been well documented. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for HPT in a large cohort of Chinese patients with TIO in our hospital. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective study enrolled 202 patients with TIO. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Occurrence of HPT in patients with TIO. RESULTS: HPT was observed in 91 patients (91/202, 45.1%): 84 patients (41.6%) with SHPT and 7 patients (3.5%) with THPT. All patients with THPT underwent parathyroidectomy and only 1 patient experienced recurrence. Compared with patients without HPT, patients with SHPT had longer disease duration, higher rate of phosphate and calcitriol supplementation, lower serum calcium, lower urine calcium excretion, and higher urine phosphate excretion. Compared with patients with SHPT, patients with THPT had even longer disease duration and a higher rate of phosphate and calcitriol supplementation. PTH levels showed positive correlation with intact FGF23 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, but not 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in patients with TIO. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long disease duration and phosphate supplementation were independently associated with occurrence of HPT in patients with TIO. Further logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline model revealed dose-response relationship between cumulative dose of phosphate supplementation and PTH levels. CONCLUSIONS: HPT is common in patients with TIO. To avoid the occurrence of HPT in patients with TIO, timely diagnosis and tumor resection is necessary and an excessive dose of phosphate supplementation is not suggested before surgery.

Study on the Influence of Metal Ions on the Dispersion of Fine Calcium Gangue Minerals.

In this study, the calcium gangue material calcite (−10 µm) was used to investigate the effects of different kinds of metal ions and dosages on the dispersion behavior of calcite. The test results showed that the dispersion behavior of calcite was poor under strongly alkaline conditions without the addition of metal ions, and the reason for that was calcite dissolved ions. The degree of influence of different metal ions on calcite dispersion behavior was Fe3+ > Mg2+ > Na+. The three metal ion dosage tests showed that the dispersion behavior of calcite became poorer with the increase of metal ion dosage. This mainly showed that with the increase of Na+ dosage, the trend of the dispersion behavior of calcite was not obvious, but with the increase of Fe3+ and Mg2+ dosage, the trend of calcite dispersion behavior changed more. The dispersion behavior of calcite was devastated by 5 × 10−4 mol/L Fe3+ at pH = 4−12. The different mechanisms of the three metal ions were identified by zeta potential, solution chemistry, and XPS analysis. Na+ only changed the zeta potential value of the calcite surface, which acted as a compressed electric double layer. However, the formation of metal hydroxide species or metal hydroxide surface precipitation due to the adsorption of Fe3+ and Mg2+ on the mineral surface resulted in the change of the dispersion behavior of calcite.

Effect of Unavoidable Ion (Ca2+) in Pulp on the Dispersion Behavior of Fine Smithsonite.

The efficient dispersion of particles is a prerequisite for the efficient flotation of fine smithsonite. However, unavoidable ions (Ca2+) in the pulp have become a challenge for the efficient separation of fine smithsonite, due to the high content of pulp and small radius of hydrated ions. Therefore, the dispersion behavior and mechanism of Ca2+ action on smithsonite are important for improving the efficiency of smithsonite flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca2+ on the dispersion behavior of fine smithsonite were studied using a turbidity test. The results showed that the dispersion behavior of smithsonite was good in the absence of Ca2+ at a range of pH = 4−12. However, the measured turbidity values of smithsonite decreased with the addition of calcium ions. In particular, the dispersion behavior of smithsonite became worse at pH > 10. Zeta potential test results showed that the smithsonite's surface potential shifted positively, and the absolute value of potential decreased in the presence of Ca2+. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that calcium ions were adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, which may have caused ion exchange or the generation of calcium hydroxide precipitation leading to particle coalescence behavior. The calculations of solution chemistry and DLVO theory indicated that calcium ions adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite to form Ca(OH)+ or precipitation, which reduced the potential energy of interparticle interactions and led to the disruption of dispersion behavior of smithsonite.

Euglycaemic Ketoacidosis Due to Extremely Low-Calorie Intake and Dehydration After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Euglycaemic ketoacidosis (EKA) has been reported in patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors after bariatric surgery. Cases of T2DM complicated with EKA without SGLT2 inhibitors after bariatric surgery are rarely reported. Purpose: To present a case report of a T2DM patient (without SGLT2 inhibitor use) who developed EKA soon after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: Clinical records and interviews were used. Results: A 35-year-old female patient was diagnosed with T2DM and obesity. The patient underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy to lose weight and control her blood glucose levels. Her daily fluid intake was 800-1000 mL, and her daily caloric intake was less than 500 kcal during the first days after the surgery. She was prescribed degludec insulin, metformin and dulaglutide and her blood sugar was lower than 13.9 mmol/L. On postoperative Day 6, the patient complained of fatigue and vomiting. Blood gas analysis and urine analysis supported the diagnosis of ketoacidosis. Fluid resuscitation, insulin and glucose were administered to the patient immediately. On postoperative Day 8, the patient recovered without any symptoms. Conclusion: We report an extremely rare case of T2DM in which the patient developed EKA after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy owing to extremely low-calorie intake and dehydration. Physicians should be on alert for ketoacidosis in patients with T2DM after bariatric surgery with an euglycaemic status, even without the use of SGLT2 inhibitors or the presence of stresses, such as infection.Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Bone Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength in Tumor-Induced Rickets/Osteomalacia Versus X-linked Hypophosphatemia in Chinese Adolescents.

Tumor-induced rickets/osteomalacia (TIR/O) severely impairs bone microarchitecture and bone strength. However, no study has described the microarchitectural quality of bone in adolescent patients with TIR/O. TIR/O affects bone quality more severely than the inherited causes of hypophosphatemia, the most common form of which is X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Nevertheless, differences of the microarchitectural quality of the bone between TIR/O and XLH have never been clarified. Therefore, in this study, we used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography to assess bone microarchitecture in five Chinese adolescent TIR/O patients, and these were compared with 15 age- and gender-matched XLH patients as well as 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Compared with the healthy controls, the TIR/O patients presented with significantly lower volumetric bone mineral densities (vBMDs), severely affected bone microarchitecture, and profoundly weaker bone strength. The distal tibia was more severely affected than the distal radius. Compared with the XLH patients, the TIR/O patients showed deteriorated bone quality notably at the distal tibia and in the cancellous compartment, reflected by 45.9% lower trabecular vBMD (p = 0.029), 40.2% lower trabecular fraction (p = 0.020), 40.6% weaker stiffness (p = 0.058), and 42.7% weaker failure load (p = 0.039) at the distal tibia. The correlation analysis showed that a higher level of serum FGF23 and a lower level of serum phosphate were associated with a poorer bone microarchitecture and a weaker estimated bone strength in the hypophosphatemic patients of our study. In conclusion, our study demonstrated significantly lower vBMDs, severely impaired bone microarchitecture, and profoundly weaker bone strength in Chinese adolescent patients with TIR/O, notably at the distal tibia, compared with the same parameters in age- and sex-matched healthy controls and XLH patients, which was possibly caused by excessive FGF23 production and secretion, chronically severe hypophosphatemia, and weak mechanical stimulus at the lower extremities. These findings further our understanding of the impact of different kinds of hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia on bone quality.

Forecasting Subway Passenger Flow for Station-Level Service Supply.

Demand forecasting is one of the managers' concerns in service supply chain management. With accurate passenger flow forecasting, the station-level service suppliers can make better service plans accordingly. However, the existing forecasting model cannot identify the different future passenger flow at different types of stations. As a result, the service suppliers cannot make service plans according to the demands of different stations. In this article, we propose a deep learning architecture called DeepSPF (Deep Learning for Subway Passenger Forecasting) to predict subway passenger flow considering the different functional types of stations. We also propose the sliding long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks as an important component of our model, combining LSTM and one-dimensional convolution. In the experiments of the Beijing subway, DeepSPF outperforms the baseline models in three-time granularities (10, 15, and 30 minutes). Moreover, a comparison between variants of DeepSPF indicates that, with the information of stations' functional types, DeepSPF has strong robustness when an abnormal situation happens.

Bone microstructure evaluated by TBS and HR-pQCT in Chinese adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia.

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common form of heritable hypophosphatemic rickets. Although generalized mineralization defects have been observed, elevated areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in the lumbar spine measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has also been found in XLH. In contrast, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) revealed lower volumetric BMD (vBMD) and damaged bone microstructure in the peripheral bone in XLH. Trabecular bone score (TBS), which can assess the trabecular microstructure in the lumbar spine, has not been explored in XLH. This study aimed to explore TBS and its correlations with biochemical indices and HR-pQCT parameters in adult XLH patients. A total of 66 patients with XLH (26 men and 40 women) aged 29.6 ± 9.6 years and 66 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Z score of lumbar spine aBMD was relatively high [2.0 (0.6, 3.7)], with normal TBS (1.475 ± 0.129) in the XLH patients. HR-pQCT revealed larger total and trabecular area in the peripheral bone in the XLH group compared with the control group. In addition, lower trabecular and cortical vBMD, lower trabecular number with greater separation, and lower bone strength at both the radius and tibia were found in the XLH group compared with the control group. Smaller cortical area, lower thickness and higher porosity in the XLH group compared with controls were only found at the radius. TBS was not associated with any biochemical indices, while better HR-pQCT parameters correlated with higher serum phosphate and lower ALP levels. TBS was positively related with aBMD but not HR-pQCT parameters. In conclusion, adult patients with XLH had high bone mass and normal TBS in the lumbar spine but compromised microarchitecture and bone strength in the peripheral bone. This finding indicated a site-specific effect of the disease on the skeleton in the XLH patients.

Does the built environment of settlements affect our sentiments? A multi-level and non-linear analysis of Xiamen, China, using social media data.

Introduction: Humans spend most of their time in settlements, and the built environment of settlements may affect the residents' sentiments. Research in this field is interdisciplinary, integrating urban planning and public health. However, it has been limited by the difficulty of quantifying subjective sentiments and the small sample size. Methods: This study uses 147,613 Weibo text check-ins in Xiamen from 2017 to quantify residents' sentiments in 1,096 neighborhoods in the city. A multilevel regression model and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model are used to investigate the multilevel and nonlinear effects of the built environment of neighborhoods and subdistricts on residents' sentiments. Results: The results show the following: (1) The multilevel regression model indicates that at the neighborhood level, a high land value, low plot ratio, low population density, and neighborhoods close to water are more likely to improve the residents' sentiments. At the subdistrict level, more green space and commercial land, less industry, higher building density and road density, and a smaller migrant population are more likely to promote positive sentiments. Approximately 19% of the total variance in the sentiments occurred among subdistricts. (2) The proportion of green space and commercial land, and the density of buildings and roads are linearly correlated with residents' sentiments. The land value is a basic need and exhibits a nonlinear correlation with sentiments. The plot ratio, population density, and the proportions of industrial land and the migrant population are advanced needs and are nonlinearly correlated with sentiments. Discussion: The quantitative analysis of sentiments enables setting a threshold of the influence of the built environment on residents' sentiments in neighborhoods and surrounding areas. Our results provide data support for urban planning and implementing targeted measures to improve the living environment of residents.

Serum Metabolomics Reveals Dysregulation and Diagnostic Potential of Oxylipins in Tumor-induced Osteomalacia.

CONTEXT: Excessive production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by a tumor is considered the main pathogenesis in tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). Despite its importance to comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis and diagnosis, the regulation of systemic metabolism in TIO remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically characterize the metabolome alteration associated with TIO. METHODS: By means of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we analyzed the metabolic profile from 96 serum samples (32 from TIO patients at initial diagnosis, pairwise samples after tumor resection, and 32 matched healthy control (HC) subjects). In order to screen and evaluate potential biomarkers, statistical analyses, pathway enrichment and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were performed. RESULTS: Metabolomic profiling revealed distinct alterations between TIO and HC cohorts. Differential metabolites were screened and conducted to functional clustering and annotation. A significantly enriched pathway was found involving arachidonic acid metabolism. A combination of 5 oxylipins, 4-HDoHE, leukotriene B4, 5-HETE, 17-HETE, and 9,10,13-TriHOME, demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity panel for TIO prediction screened by random forest algorithm (AUC = 0.951; 95% CI, 0.827-1). Supported vector machine modeling and partial least squares modeling were conducted to validate the predictive capabilities of the diagnostic panel. CONCLUSION: Metabolite profiling of TIO showed significant alterations compared with HC. A high-sensitivity and high-specificity panel with 5 oxylipins was tested as diagnostic predictor. For the first time, we provide the global profile of metabolomes and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers of TIO. The present work may offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of TIO.

A review of microwave-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment.

Microwave (MW) technology has gained increasing interest in wastewater treatment due to its unique properties, such as fast and uniform heating, hot spots effect, and non-thermal effect. MW enhances the production of active radicals (e.g., OH, SO4-), which exerts a stronger integrated treatment effect in combination with advanced oxidation processes. Over the years, microwave-assisted advanced oxidation processes (MW-AOPs) have developed rapidly to degrade pollutants as innovative treatment approaches. This paper provides a detailed classification and a comprehensive review of MW-AOPs. The latest applications of MW in different advanced oxidation systems (oxidation systems, catalytic oxidation systems, and photochemical, electrochemical and sonochemical systems) are reviewed. The reaction parameters and performance of MW-AOPs in wastewater treatment are discussed, and the enhancement of pollutant degradation by MW is highlighted. In addition, the operating costs of MW-AOPs are evaluated. Some recommendations on MW-AOPs are made for future research. This review provides meaningful information on the potential development and evolution of MW-AOPs.